Survey Statistics: How Difficult Is It to Get Disability for Mental or Emotional Conditions?

Our survey showed that applicants with mood or anxiety disorders had a lower chance of approval than those with other mental or cognitive difficulties.

If you find it hard to hold down a job because of a severe mental or emotional condition—such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, PTSD, or autism—you might be asking yourself: What are my chances of getting Social Security disability benefits? To help answer that question, we surveyed readers around the United States who went through the process of applying for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Here's what we learned from the experiences of readers who filed claims for mood or anxiety disorders.

The Prevalence of Disability Claims for Depression and Anxiety

Many people are aware of how common depression is in our society. But they may not realize how many people experience such intense depression that they experience severe limitations in various areas of their lives, including work. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, 10.3 million adults in the U.S. had depressive episodes in one year (2021) that fit that description, representing 8.3% of all U.S. adults. In 2022, over 2 million people—about 12% of all SSDI beneficiaries—were receiving SSDI benefits for mood disorders. (In comparison, 3% of recipients had neurocognitive disorders, while 5% had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.)

So it may not be a surprise to learn that out of all the medical conditions that qualify for SSDI or SSI—known as impairments—mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder rank high among the primary impairments listed on disability applications. About one in ten readers (9%) included a mood disorder as a disabling condition, making it the second most common impairment after back problems. When combined with anxiety disorders—including generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, agoraphobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—these psychological conditions accounted for 16% of applicants in our survey. Government data compiled in 2013 (the most recent available—Social Security doesn't usually track statistics on medical diagnoses unless the application is approved) shows a similar percentage (16.7%) of disability applicants filing due to mood or anxiety disorders.

How Hard It Is to Get Benefits for Mood and Anxiety Disorders

As anyone who has suffered from serious depression or anxiety knows, it can be very difficult to convince others who haven't experienced the crippling effects of these conditions that you aren't able simply to "get over it." Unfortunately, the same is often true when it comes to convincing skeptical disability claims examiners and judges that your condition truly prevents you from working and is long-lasting.

This skepticism is reflected in our survey results. Less than four in ten (37%) readers with mood or anxiety disorders were approved for benefits at some point in the process. At the initial application stage, the outlook was particularly dim—more than eight in ten readers (82%) were denied. It's worth noting, however, that a sizeable portion of those were likely "technical denials," which are made when applicants don't meet certain financial eligibility requirements, such as lacking a recent work history or earning too much money. According to government statistics, 40% of SSDI applications filed in 2021 received technical denials; the proportion was lower for SSI applications (15% in 2020).

There are many reasons for the discouraging outlook on your chances of getting approved for mood or anxiety disorders. There are objective tests for some other types of mental impairments, like memory or cognitive ability tests for dementia. But in order to make a diagnosis of a mood or anxiety disorder, doctors and psychologists generally must rely on your subjective descriptions of the symptoms you're experiencing. Moreover, the cyclical nature of mood disorders—which often involve periods of relative stability—can make it especially difficult to prove that you're too disabled to work and that your condition is likely to last a year or more. (For more details on Social Security's criteria for these conditions, see our in-depth articles on getting disability benefits for depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and PTSD.)

Approval Rates for Mood and Anxiety Disorders on Appeal

If you've received an initial denial letter because you didn't meet Social Security's medical criteria, that's no reason to give up. You can appeal your denial to increase your chances of success—requesting a hearing before an administrative law judge dramatically increases the likelihood that you'll receive benefits. Government statistics from 2015-2021 show that between 50-59% of disability applicants who were ultimately approved for benefits were awarded at the hearing level. An older analysis (from 2007-2015) focusing specifically on applicants who listed mood or anxiety disorders as their primary impairment supports these findings, with data showing that 59% of these claims were approved after a hearing.

Several factors contribute to the better outlook at hearings. For one thing, it takes a long time to get to a hearing. While the wait can be frustrating, it gives you time to build stronger evidence. This is particularly critical with mood and anxiety disorders. If you can show that your mental condition has continued to be severe and to keep you from working, a judge is more likely to be convinced that your condition isn't short-term and that you're eligible for disability benefits.

Our survey points to another important reason for the higher approval rate at hearings—more applicants enlist the help of a lawyer at this stage in the process. Nearly three-quarters (71%) of all readers who went to a hearing were represented by an attorney, compared to 30% at the initial application stage. Applicants with lawyers had a much greater chance of winning disability benefits (more on that later).

Disability Outcomes for Other Mental Impairments

Obviously, depression and anxiety aren't the only kind of mental disability that can qualify for SSDI or SSI. More than a quarter (26%) of or readers applied for some kind of mental disability. In addition to mood and anxiety disorders, this larger category includes:

• neurocognitive disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease, other forms of dementia, and cognitive difficulties stemming from traumatic brain injuries or stroke)
• intellectual disability (low IQ) and borderline intellectual functioning (mid-to-low IQ)
• schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
• autism spectrum disorder, and
• learning disabilities.

Applicants with many of these conditions have a higher likelihood of receiving SSDI or SSI benefits than people with mood or anxiety disorders. According to Social Security data, the hearing approval rates for common mental impairments range from 88% for intellectual disorders to 73% for neurocognitive disorders.

The Advantage of Having a Lawyer

One of the most critical things you can do to increase your chances of receiving SSDI or SSI is to hire a disability lawyer. As our survey results showed, 55% of readers who had an attorney received benefits for their mental impairments, either at the application stage or after a hearing. That's a significant improvement over the 36% who got benefits without a lawyer's help.

Experienced disability attorneys understand Social Security's complicated rules for mental disorders. A lawyer can work with your doctor or psychologist to provide helpful medical evidence, request that the agency send you for I.Q. or memory testing, or, if you went to a mental exam and the doctor's opinion hurts your case, your lawyer can work to cast doubt on the doctor's opinion. (Read more about how a lawyer can help with a mental or cognitive claim.)