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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis, affecting more than 80 percent
of those who reach the age of 70. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the
cartilage that lines the joints, which causes bones to rub against each other. This disease
especially affects weight-bearing or misaligned joints; common sites of discomfort are
the vertebrae, knees, back, and hips.
People with osteoarthritis may not have any symptoms in the early stages of this disease. However, pain, stiffness, and a limitation in movement may develop. Patients may also experience inflammation (redness, pain, and swelling in an injured or infected tissue produced as a result of the body's healing response). However, unlike rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis is not characterized by excessive joint inflammation. People are at increased risk of developing OA as they age, although research has shown that OA is not an inevitable part of aging. Other factors that may play a part in the development of OA are obesity and involvement in certain high-impact sports, work- related activities, or accidents. Genetics has been linked to the development of OA, particularly in the hands. People born with defective cartilage or joint alignment may suffer from early cartilage breakdown in the joint. As the cartilage deteriorates, it may be further damaged by the resulting inflammation. Physicians diagnose OA based on a physical exam and history of symptoms, and X-rays are used to confirm diagnosis. Most people over 60 reflect the disease on X-ray, and about one-third of people over 60 have actual symptoms. Treatment of osteoarthritis focuses on decreasing pain and improving joint movement. Exercises may be prescribed to keep joints flexible and improve muscle strength, and the use of hot or cold compresses may be recommended for termporary pain relief. Pain killers (analgesics), such as paracetamol or paracetamol-based medications, may also be prescribed for pain relief. If necessary, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are used to help fight inflammation. In cases in which anti-inflammatory drugs are not effective, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, or glucocorticoids may be injected directly into the joints. OA sufferers may get some relief from wearing joint protection to prevent strain or stress on painful joints, and losing weight to prevent extra stress on weight-bearing joints may be recommended. However, in some cases, surgery is necessary to relieve chronic pain in damaged joints. Questions and Information about Osteoarthritis |
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