If you're receiving SSI disability benefits and think you may be able to try working again, SSI has numerous incentives and rules to encourage SSI recipients to return to work. (SSI is the needs-based disability program; Social Security disability insurance has it own trial work rules.)
To encourage SSI recipients to work if they can, Social Security has some incentive rules regarding how much income from working will be counted against a person's SSI benefits. (Learn more about the SSI income limits and countable income.)
If you are doing some part-time work while receiving benefits, Social Security will ignore some of your income. Over half of the income you earn while working doesn't count toward the income limit for SSI when determining eligibility. Social Security disregards the first $65 of earned income (wages from work) that you make (or $85 if you have no unearned income), and then half of the rest of your income. But your SSI benefit will be reduced somewhat if you are earning money from working; your SSI benefits are reduced by $1 for every $2 of gross earned income.
You can subtract certain disability-related expenses from your gross income from work, reducing the amount by which your SSI check will be cut. These expenses can include amounts paid for assistive or adaptive devices needed for work, the cost of paratransit or taxi transportation to work, the cost of adaptive automotive controls or devices, and medical expenses related to an impairment (but routine medical and dental expenses that would be incurred if you were not disabled may not be subtracted from your income). Social Security's "Red Book" provides a comprehensive list of qualifying impairment-related work expenses (but the determination whether the expenses are eligible for impairment-related work expense treatment is made on a case-by-case basis).
Similarly, certain work expenses may be deducted by blind SSI recipients from gross income from work. The list of deductible blind work expenses is much broader than deductible impairment-related work expenses and includes withheld taxes, all meals consumed during work hours, licenses, fees and union dues related to work or a profession, adaptive devices for blind people, and all costs of purchasing and maintaining a guide dog. A comprehensive list of qualifying blind work expenses can be found in Social Security's Red Book as well.
Inventory and tools used by employees for work are not counted as resources against the SSI resource (asset) limit.
Certain students can claim the student earned income exclusion to have part of their income from work disregarded when determining the SSI offset for earned income. If you are under age 22 and are regularly attending school (in grades 7-12 for at least 12 hours per week, in college or university for at least 8 hours per week, or in a training course to prepare for employment for at least 12 hours per week or 15 hours per week if the course includes shop practice). Alternatively, individuals who are home-schooled because of their disability are also entitled to the exclusion. In 2020, students eligible for this exclusion can exclude up to $1,900 of earned income per month, up to a maximum yearly amount of $7,670.
Unincurred business expenses are business expenses paid by a third party, such as a state department of vocational rehabilitation, that would be treated as business expenses if they were to be paid by the self-employed SSI recipient. These expenses are deducted from gross income in determining net earnings from self-employment in the same manner as if the self-employed person had incurred the business expense.
Example: The State Department of Vocational Rehabilitation provides Walter, a blind SSI recipient, with a rent-free kiosk in the state capitol building from which Walter operates a shop selling snacks, magazines, and sundries. The kiosk has a rental value of $500 per month. Walter can subtract the $500 per month from his gross income in the same manner as if he had paid the rent each month.
After your income from work reaches the point that fully offsets your SSI benefits (meaning your SSI disability benefits will stop), you remain entitled to Medicaid benefits until your gross income from work reaches a "threshold" amount. The threshold amount varies from state to state (reflecting cost-of-living differences in the various states) and is adjusted annually for inflation. Social Security's continued Medicaid eligibility page has the Medicaid threshold amounts by state. In addition, states have the option of offering Medicaid to individuals whose income exceeds the threshold amount.
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