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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition in which stomach contents,
including acid, leak back (reflux) into the esophagus. It occurs when the Lower
Esophageal Sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle that acts like a valve between the
esophagus and stomach, does not close properly. When refluxed stomach acid touches the
lining of the esophagus, it can cause a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn),
inflammation, and ultimately damage to the esophagus.
Persistent heartburn is the most frequent symptom of GERD. Other symptoms include chest pain, hoarseness in the morning, or trouble swallowing. The backup of digestive fluids in the esophagus may also cause dry cough, bad breath, and acid indigestion. However, it is possible to have this disease without experiencing any apparent symptoms. No one specific cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease has been identified, although a hiatal hernia is thought to contribute to this condition. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach is above the diaphragm, the muscle wall that separates the stomach from the chest. Thus, a hiatal hernia makes it easier for stomach acid to bypass the diaphram and make its way into the esophagus. People of any age can develop a hiatal hernia; many otherwise healthy people over 50 have a small one. An estimated 5 to 7 percent of the global population, including infants and children, suffer from GERD. Although common, GERD often goes undiagnosed because its symptoms are either downplayed or misunderstood. Left untreated, this disease can lead to serious complications, including scarring of the esophagus, and may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. GERD is a chronic (ongoing) disease. Treatment usually must be maintained even after symptoms have been alleviated. A special diet, long-term use of medication, and even surgery may be needed to bring this disease under control. It is essential that patients with GERD work with their physician to receive the most effective treatment available. |


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